Showing posts with label Indo-Iran. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Indo-Iran. Show all posts

Friday, 27 June 2014

The First Images of the Buddha (photos)

Dhr. Seven, Amber Larson (eds.), Wisdom Quarterly; Editorial (dawn.com, 6-27-14); Wiki
The first anthropomorphic representations of the Buddha were Gandhara art (Boonlieng)
Priceless Buddhist treasures were intercepted while being smuggled out of Pakistan, part of Pashtun Afghanistan, in the region of ancient Gandhara, India (BigStory.AP org)
  
[Breaking the] Fasting Buddha
Kashmir on the Pakistan side (Vivek Aryan)
(Dawn) Truly is it said, reality is stranger than fiction -- especially here in Pakistan. Since 1894, when it was donated upon being discovered, the Gandhara-era statue of the "Fasting Buddha" has been considered the jewel of the Lahore Museum.

Museum Maitreya Buddha
Images of it adorn postcards and newsreels, and proud [Muslim] citizens make it a point to take visitors to see it as an indication that whatever else the country may be, a cultural wasteland it is not.

This statue, priceless in terms of historical significance, has for a long time had a crack on the left arm. Investigations by this paper [dawn.com], upon receiving a tip-off, have confirmed an unbelievable story:

Back in April, 2012, the crack widened while being cleaned and the statue was given over to the museum laboratory’s tender ministrations. But instead of the scientific, delicate, and professional handling that an artifact of this stature demands, an attempt was made to fix it by applying the common adhesive epoxy, which remains [shockingly] evident on the statue’s surface and has caused irreparable harm.

Where in the world is Pakistan? It only came into existence in 1947 after the colonial British Partition of India. Along with Afghanistan, it was formerly Gandhara, India. Then the U.S. started meddling; now we bomb it secretly.
 
One of the priceless Afghan treasures of Mes Aynak
The trail of destruction isn’t hard to trace, given the standards at the moment: The current lab technician worked earlier as a driver and gallery attendant, while the lab "conservationist" used to be a peon.
 
What can be made of this but the utter disregard Pakistanis tend to show towards history and culture? This is hardly the only example of this mindset. It turns out that 2012 was an inauspicious year for Gandhara-era [Buddhist] artifacts. That summer, the police intercepted a large consignment of such relics that had apparently been about to be smuggled out of the country [see photo of looted Buddhist art above].

Gandhara is full of earliest Buddhist treasures
But during the recovery process, the police ended up damaging many of them, unprepared perhaps for their weight and certainly unmindful of their value. In the case of the Lahore Museum, the qualified chemist employed at the lab was retired in 2009. No replacement has been found. This is unsurprising, given the importance attached to archaeology and history in the country.

Afghan Buddhist monastery statue 700 AD (Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara)
First Buddhas, Gandhara
(Wiki) Greco-Buddhist art is the artistic manifestation of Greco-Buddhism, a cultural syncretism between the Classical Greek culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 1000 years in Central Asia, between the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, and the destructive Islamic conquests of the 7th century AD. Greco-Buddhist art is characterized by the strong idealistic realism and sensuous description of Hellenistic art and the FIRST representations of the Buddha in human form...

Future Buddha Maitreya, Gandhara-style, Greco-Indian Buddhist fusion art of Afghanistan, Pakistan, ancient India, San Francisco Asian Art Museum (Boonlieng/flickr.com)

 
Ancient Greece (in India and Persia)
Kushan Maitreya, Greco-India
Bactria was under direct Greek control for more than two centuries from the conquests of Alexander the Great in 332 BC to the end of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom around 125 BC. The art of Bactria was almost perfectly Hellenistic as shown by the archaeological remains of Greco-Bactrian cities such as Alexandria on the Oxus (Ai-Khanoum), or the numismatic art of the Greco-Bactrian kings, often considered as the best of the Hellenistic world, and including the largest silver and gold coins ever minted by the Greeks.
 
When Buddhism expanded in Central Asia from the 1st century AD, Bactria saw the results of the Greco-Buddhist syncretism arrive on its territory from India, and a new blend of sculptural representation remained until the Islamic invasions.
 
The most striking of these realizations are the Buddhas of Bamiyan. They tend to vary between the 5th and the 9th century AD. Their style is strongly inspired by Hellenistic culture. More

Western China
"Heroic gesture of the Bodhisattva," the Buddha-to-be, 6th-7th century terracotta, Tumshuq (Xinjiang) where the Chinese empire extended from the Far East into Central Asia, the Land of Buddhism and the Buddha (wiki).
 
[WISDOM QUARTERLY EDITORIAL: Buddhism made it to ancient "Greece," the Hellenistic world as a vast empire encroaching into India and Persia, before it ever arrived in China. It co-originated in Afghanistan (the Buddha's likely birthplace according to Dr. Ranajit Pal) and "India" (the Kingdom of Magadha to be specific as there was no unified India at that time), where the Buddha had traveled to establish the Teaching and the first monastic Community, which was soon augmented by many Shakyan princes and princesses, relatives of the Buddha from the area of Gandhara, Afghanistan, Indo-Pakistan, Taxila (Takkashila), Indo-Iran, and lands (the modern "stans") likely under the influence of the capital of Kapilavastu, the Buddha's hometown, the kingdom he would have inherited somewhere between modern Bamiyan and Kabul, once a fabulously rich and cosmopolitan crossroads on the Silk Route.]
  • BUST: The original representation of the Buddha in gray schist, currently dated to 2nd-3rd century CE showing Hellenistic influences characteristic of the Gandhara art of Afghanistan and Northwest Pakistan (British Museum/Britannica.com)
Maitreya in USA (Boonlieng)
The art of the Tarim Basin, also called Serindian art, is the art that developed from the 2nd through the 11th century AD in Serindia or Xinjiang, the extreme western region of China that forms part of Central Asia. It derives from the art of the Gandhara and clearly combines Indian traditions with Greek and Roman influences.
 
Buddhist missionaries travelling on the Silk Road introduced this art, along with Buddhism itself, into Serindia, where it mixed with Chinese and Persian influences.

Thursday, 12 June 2014

The End of Iraq (video)

Pfc. Sandoval, Ashley Wells, Crystal Quintero, Wisdom Quarterly; DemocracyNow.org


Gilgamesh seal: giant's tomb found in Iraq, 2003
Iraq is on the brink of disintegration as Sunni militants seize more towns and set their sights on the ancient Cradle of Civilization capital Baghdad. In the past few days, al-Qaeda-linked Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has seized control of Mosul, Iraq’s second-largest city, as well as Tikrit and Dhuluiya.

Afghanistan, Pakistan, India just to the right
Meanwhile, Iraqi Kurds have seized control of the northern oil city of Kirkuk. The Sunni militants now control a territory that stretches from the eastern edge of Aleppo, Syria, to Fallujah in western Iraq and now the northern city of Mosul.

Their advance has caused a humanitarian catastrophe, displacing some 500,000 people in Mosul alone -- the largest number of people ever moved in one day in world history. Mosul fell in part because U.S.-trained Iraqi forces abandoned their posts.

ISIS, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, fills power vacuum (latimes.com)
Dronesusairforce
Clarke: Obama drone program "out of hand"
Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has reportedly urged the U.S. to carry out airstrikes in recent months, but the Obama administration [which has shown itself to be nothing more than a continuation of the Cheney and Bush administrations] has declined the request so far. 

"Fund secret war in Iraq. Divest at home."
Democracy Now is joined by guests Reuters Bureau Chief Ned Parker in Baghdad and Mohammed al Dulaimy, an Iraqi journalist with McClatchy Newspapers, who reported from Iraq for years and is now seeking U.S. asylum out of fear for his safety if he returns. This is Dulaimy’s first TV interview after years of maintaining a low profile to protect his safety. More
 
US made Iraq part of Military-Industrial-Prison Complex, Camp Bucca, 2009 (Dusan Vranic/AP)

Thursday, 20 March 2014

Spring Equinox: Happy First Day of the Year!

Seth Auberon, Ashley Wells, Wisdom Quarterly  VERNAL EQUINOX 2014
Flowers and fruits are possible thanks to bees (Teacher Julia/tx.english-ch.com)
The fragrant jasmine wafted all over the meditator (mostbeautifulflower.com)
 
In Bangalore (BBclix/flickr)
Happy "New Year"! (In Buddhist Asia, as in most of the ancient world, spring marked the New Year not an arbitrary Gregorian designation ruining a calendar once in perfect sync with Luna/Chandra our Moon, who gives us our seasons, and Sol/Surya our Sun, who floods us in cosmic rays). 

Happy Nowuz from Tehrangeles and Feliz Primavera from Olvera St., formerly Mexico (both well rooted in bustling Los Angeles)!

A new beginning
Meditating on a mandarava flower
With the renewal of Gaia/Bhūmi our Earth we, too, can make a renewed resolve to meditate or at least to be more "mindful" and present as our day unfolds. Today is the first day of the rest of your life, the adage goes, and whether we've heard it before or find it new and insightful, isn't it? If today is, can't we choose to do things differently from now on right at this moment? When else are we EVER able to choose, or do, or accrue karma/merit other than right NOW? So some say, "Now is all there is." Eckhart Tolle, Byron Katie, Ram Dass, the Beatles in India, even the Panchen Lama and his elder would agree. We hear as savakas. We see it. We live it.

Meditation
Reclining meditation (pinterest)
Here is a fascinating meditation to breakthrough to serenity, insight, and self-knowledge. O, what I wouldn't give to be calm! (It helps to begin with a blessing to pre-direct the mind/heart, honoring the Three Jewels of the Enlightened One, the Enlightened Teaching, and the Enlightened listeners/practitioners. This will help if fear arises that one will be unprotected, "open" and susceptible to inimical-influences like spirits, as so many fundamental Christians, Catholics, and Muslims warn).

INSTRUCTIONS: Sit comfortably. Breathe deeply. Let go. Let go of thinking, breathing, sitting, doing, and let it happen. Let what happen? Serenity will happen. Accept the suffering and let it pass right through without holding on. (Resisting is a form of holding on).

When there is serenity, it becomes possible to gain absorption and develop successful insight (east coast) for liberation.

Wednesday, 15 January 2014

The Silk Road (Natural History Museum)

Dhr. Seven, Amber Larson, Wisdom Quarterly; Natural History Museum (nhm.org)
Exploring the Silk Road
Tour the Silk Road (nhm.org)
Take a journey exploring the traded goods and ideas of the world’s cultural superhighway -- one that took Buddhism out of India (Gandhara and Magadha) into Central Asia (Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, the other 'Stans), ancient Greece (Bactria/Persia, Sogdiana, and the greater empire), and finally into China. Join the Natural History Museum for the Traveling the Silk Road Lecture Series to experience the sights, sounds, and tastes of the ancient route! More
Historical Sketch of Buddhism in Western Asia
(BerzinArchives.com) Historically, Buddhism was found in all five former Soviet Central Asian Republics that constitute West Turkistan: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan [and, of course, Afghanistan, which the former USSR failed to conquer]. It initially spread in the first century BCE from Gandhara (Indo-Pakistan) and Afghanistan to the kingdoms of Bactria and Parthia [The remains of two Parthian Buddhist monuments each have been found in Turkmenistan at Mary (Merv) and near Ashkabat; Buddhist caves have also been found near Ashkabat]. Turkmenistan and northeastern Iran constituted the kingdom of Parthia; while southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and northern Afghanistan constituted the kingdom of Bactria [The remains of Bactrian Buddhist monasteries have been found near Termez in southern Uzbekistan at Kara Tepe, Fayas Tepe and Dalverzin Tepe, and the remains of a reliquary at Zormala and of Buddhist wall murals at Balalyk Tepe, both in the Surkhan Darya region. Remains of a Buddhist monastery have been excavated at Ajina Tepe in southern Tajikistan.]

Sunday, 1 December 2013

Was the Buddha born in Afghanistan? (movie)

Ashley Wells, Dhr. Seven, CC Liu, Amber Larson, Wisdom Quarterly; READER LETTER
Mes Aynak, Afghanistan Budhhas (Andy Miller/businesstoday.intoday.in)


An unnamed reader writes that s/he agrees with the hypothesis set forth by Dr. Ranajit Pal (ranajitpal.com). The theory states that the Buddha was born in the Sistan-Baluchistan region [formerly the northern border/frontier of India, now Pakistan and Afghanistan] overlapping Iran's southeastern border area in Afghanistan. 
 
The Buddha has always been addressed as Sakyamuni ["Sage of the Sakya tribe"], and in ancient times Sistan-Baluchistan was called Sakastan.
 
Equestrian Scythians were archers (wiki)
The Sakas [Sakyas?] were a Scythian tribe spread all over the ancient Gandhara region.
 
Moreover, the Buddha has always been described as having blue eyes, which is a common feature in the people of that area even today.
 
(ZB/Foundation) "The Legend of Buddha" With spectacular animation and engaging narration, this presentation of the life of the Buddha follows the journey of the Enlightened One from a fun-filled childhood to the difficult quest for attaining nirvana. (PentaMedia Graphics Ltd. hired 70 key animators and 300 others to create it using about 450,000 drawings of the Buddha were made to create the film, which covers nearly all aspects of his life).
 
Save Mes Aynak, UCLA/Fed Bldg, demo (WQ)
Buddhism began to be obliterated from the Gandhara region starting from the 7th century A.D. and was dealt the final blow by the Mongol invaders, who conducted a genocide in that area.
The world's oldest Buddha statues, dating back to 600 B.C., have been found on the outskirts of the capital of Kabul [Kapil? Kapilavastu] in and around Mes Aynak, Afghanistan. 
 
Filmmaker Brock (btkomon@gmail)
Mes Aynak ("Copper Well") was the world's oldest known copper mine dating from 3000 B.C. The copper and other precious reserves found at this site have been valued at 100 billion U.S. dollars. 
 
A Chinese company has secured the mining rights from Afghanistan, and there is concern about the threatened complete destruction of the site (as Wisdom Quarterly has covered in various articles exploreing the Buddha's real birthplace, such as one asking the question, Where was the Buddha really born?)
This message was received in response to The Buddha was born in Nepal... when angry Anoop Thapa Xhettri wrote "do a little research before writing such rubbish and false..."
SAVE MES AYNAK (WQ)